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At a glance

When
Āśvina Śukla Daśamī
Usually falls in
September–October
Duration
One day, after Navarātri
Deity
Durgā
Also called
Vijayadashami, Dussehra, Dasara, Dashain Tika

Exact dates and timings depend on your location and calendar tradition: check a local pañcāṅga.

The story of Vijayādaśamī

Two great victories are remembered on this day. In the Devī Māhātmya the Goddess slays Mahiṣāsura after nine nights of battle, so the tenth day crowns Navarātri. In the north, the day is linked with Rāma, who is said to have worshipped the Goddess before setting out against Rāvaṇa and to have won on this day; the Rāmlīlā plays of the nine nights end with the burning of Rāvaṇa's effigy.

The Mahābhārata adds that the Pāṇḍavas hid their weapons in a śamī tree during their year in disguise and took them back on this day. That is why the śamī tree is worshipped and its leaves are exchanged as "gold" in Maharashtra and Karnataka.

Sources: Devī Māhātmya; Rāma tradition (Rāmlīlā); Mahābhārata (Virāṭa Parva)

How to observe Vijayādaśamī

  1. Worship the Goddess one last time and take leave of her (visarjana), or immerse the Durgā image.
  2. Worship the śamī tree and the goddess Aparājitā, "the unconquered".
  3. Many begin learning, music or a new venture on this day; in the South young children write their first letters (vidyārambha).
  4. Exchange śamī or āpṭā leaves as "gold" and seek blessings from elders.
  5. In the North, watch the end of the Rāmlīlā and the burning of the effigies of Rāvaṇa, Kumbhakarṇa and Meghanāda.

Customs differ between families and regions; follow your own tradition where it differs.

How it is celebrated in different regions

  • Mysuru, Karnataka

    Mysore Dasara, with the royal procession of the Goddess Cāmuṇḍeśvarī on an elephant.

  • North India

    Rāmlīlā and Rāvaṇa-dahana: the burning of the demon king's effigy.

  • Nepal

    Dashain ṭīkā: elders place red ṭīkā and jamarā (barley shoots) on the heads of the younger family.

Questions about Vijayādaśamī

Is Dussehra the same as Vijayādaśamī?

Yes. Daśaharā ("removing the ten") is the northern name; Vijayādaśamī means "the tenth day of victory".

Why is the śamī tree worshipped?

The Pāṇḍavas hid their weapons in a śamī tree and recovered them on this day before winning their battle, so the tree stands for victory.

Learn Sanskrit

About Vijayādaśamī

Vijayādaśamī is a festival (in Devanagari: विजयादशमी (Vijayādaśamī)). Source: Devī Māhātmya; Rāma tradition (Rāmlīlā); Mahābhārata (Virāṭa Parva).

The day of victory after Navarātri: Durgā's triumph over Mahiṣa and Rāma's over Rāvaṇa, a day for new beginnings.

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